Aluminium plays a major role in the modern world through its innumerable forms of applications- from kitchen ware to electric conductors and from railway wagon to Appollo spacecraft. Because of its intrinsic and versatile properties of lightness, strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, electrical and thermal conductivity, non toxicity etc., a wide range of uses has opened up for this metal. Aluminium as a packaging material is unmatched owing to its light weight, hygienic and non-contamination which eventually results in longer shelf-life of end products. Aluminium is an attractive material and there is strong competition among the various aluminium producers with regard to product development, new solutions for customers and continuous cost reductions. On the industrial side, aluminium is heavily used in electrical power transmission, machinery and equipment, and construction. Housing, in particular, makes heavy use of the lightweight material as a substitute for steel and wood in doors, windows and siding. On the consumer side, aluminium is used in a variety of retail products, including cans, packaging, air conditioners, furniture and vehicles. Aluminum also has the advantage of a practically infinite capacity for recycling, making it a choice solution in terms of environmental protection. The use of secondary aluminum, employing rejects or aluminum products at the end of their life cycle, requires only 5% of the power required to produce the primary metal.
Aluminium and its alloys are vital to the aerospace industry and important in transportation and structures, such as building facades and window frames. The oxides and sulfates are the most useful compounds of aluminium. Aluminium is a relatively soft, durable, lightweight, ductile, and malleable metal with appearance ranging from silvery to dull gray, depending on the surface roughness. It is nonmagnetic and does not easily ignite.
Aluminum, with its affordable production cost, is undeniably an exceptional and very versatile metal. Its future holds the promise of still unsuspected qualities that will attract even more attention to this “grey” gold.
Indian aluminium industry is a highly concentrated industry with the top 5 companies constituting the majority of the country’s production. With the growing demand of aluminum, the industry is also growing at an enviable pace. In fact, Aluminum production in India is currently outpacing the demand.
The global requirement is estimated at around 7.4 million tons, against the consumption in India as only around 110,000 tons. India’s share in the global downstream sector is low as compared to other developed countries. India has nearly 10% of the world’s bauxite reserves and a growing aluminium sector that leverages this. Demand in the domestic market is expected to grow by 8-10%; India is expectedto have an installed aluminum capacity of 1.7 to 2 million tons per annum by 2020.
Aluminium, the second most plentiful metallic element on the earth, became an economic competitor in engineering applications as recently as the end of 19th century. It was become a metal for its time. Aluminium possesses many characteristics that make it highly compatible with recycling. It is resistant to corrosion and it thus retains a high level of metal value after use, exposure, or storage. Once produced, it can be considered a permanent resource for recycling, preferably in to similar products. It is essentially a soft and weak metal which has to be strengthened by alloying with suitable elements. The elements which are added to aluminium is appreciable quantities to increase its strength and improve other properties are surprisingly limited to only four, namely, magnesium, silicon, copper and zinc. These are added singly or in combination. It is theoretically 100% recyclable without any loss of its natural qualities. It is the most widely used non ferrous metal. The applications of aluminium are grown in many fields for example; electric conductors, windows and building components, aircraft, foil packaging etc. It has a major role in packaging industry especially in pharmaceuticals. It includes different types of packaging; unit packaging, bunch wrapping, strip packaging, thermoformed unit packaging and sachets Aluminium alloys with a wide range of properties are used in engineering structures. Aluminium alloys are divided into two major categories; casting compositions and wrought compositions. Further differentiation for each category is based on the primary mechanism. The most commercially mined aluminium ore is bauxite, as it has the highest content of the base metal. The primary aluminium production process consists of three stages. First is mining of bauxite, followed by refining of bauxite to alumina and finally smelting of alumina to aluminium.
This book basically deals with aluminium production, heat treatable and non heat treatable alloys, properties of cast aluminium alloys, testing of liquid &soldification contraction of aluminium alloys, trends in the improving economic use of aluminium, laboratory investigation of carbon anode consumption in the electrolytic production of aluminium, alumina extraction from a pennsylvaniadiaspore clay by an ammonium sulfate process, the recovery of alumina from its ores by a sulfuric acid process, initial softening in some aluminium base precipitation hardening alloys, basic properties of aluminium foil, how to select a flexible foil packaging laminate, printing on aluminium foil, designing aluminium foil packs etc.
The present book covers the need within the industrial and academic communities for up to date information about production of aluminium and extrusion process due to the ever increasing use of this technology. The book provides concepts in the different areas of extrusion technology. It is hoped that its presentation will be very helpful to new entrepreneurs, technocrats, research scholars, libraries and existing units.
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